Introduction

Medical Channel Journal (MCJ) is committed to protecting the rights, dignity, safety, and welfare of human participants and animals involved in research. All studies submitted to the journal must be conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical principles and relevant national regulations. MCJ follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) to ensure ethical compliance in biomedical and clinical research.

Research Involving Human Participants

Authors submitting research involving human participants must ensure that:

• The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable ethical guidelines.

• Approval was obtained from an appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee before the study commenced.

• Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legally authorized representatives.

• Participant privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity are fully protected.

• Any identifiable personal information or images are published only with explicit written consent.

Research Involving Animals

Studies involving animals must comply with internationally recognized standards for the ethical care and use of laboratory animals. Authors should ensure that:

• The research received approval from the appropriate institutional animal ethics committee.

• Animal welfare was protected throughout the study.

• Pain, distress, and unnecessary suffering were minimized.

• The principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement (3Rs) were followed wherever possible.

Editorial Assessment

The Editorial Office may request copies of ethical approval documents, informed consent forms, or additional information to verify compliance with ethical requirements. Manuscripts lacking appropriate ethical approval or failing to meet accepted ethical standards may be rejected without peer review.

Policy Compliance

Failure to comply with this Human and Animal Rights Policy may result in manuscript rejection, withdrawal, correction, or retraction of a published article. Medical Channel Journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of research ethics, participant protection, and animal welfare in accordance with COPE and ICMJE recommendations.